Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes is a seminal work of political philosophy that continues to be relevant centuries after its initial publication. In Books III and IV, Hobbes delves into the mechanics of the commonwealth and the importance of a strong sovereign ruler.

One of the most compelling aspects of this work is Hobbes' stark depiction of human nature as inherently selfish and driven by a desire for power. He argues that without a strong government to impose order and maintain peace, mankind would descend into anarchy and chaos.

Hobbes' concept of the Leviathan, or the all-powerful sovereign, is a central theme throughout these books. He presents the Leviathan as the protector of society, responsible for upholding the social contract and ensuring the well-being of its citizens.

While Hobbes' ideas may be controversial and challenging to some, there is no denying the profound impact Leviathan has had on political theory and the development of Western governance. This work is essential reading for anyone interested in understanding the nature of power, authority, and the organization of society.

Book Description:

In Books 3 and 4 of Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes elaborates on the political philosophy set forth in the first two books, by considering the nature of a Christian commonwealth. Book 3 begins with a wealth of biblical scholarship, directed at establishing the authority of Scripture while at the same time undermining modern claims to supernatural revelation that would subvert civil law. Hobbes concludes that we cannot be sure of anyone else’s divine revelation, and that religious authority is therefore subordinate to civil power. Book 4, titled “Of the Kingdom of Darkness,” sets forth the various ways in which Scripture has been misinterpreted by the church, according to Hobbes, in mixing pagan elements with Christianity.